History and Culture by Bicycle

Friday, December 11, 2020

HO Scale Model Railroad Railcars, Inspired Replica of a Kohrs Meat Packing Company Reefer

This is the fourth and final of the four article series about the history of Kohrs Meat Packing Company, Red Ball Ltd HO scale model railroad kits, Bachmann Trains and a replica of a Kohrs Meat Packing Company reefer inspired from a Red Ball kit.

This article is about two HO scale model railroad refrigerator railcars, or reefers and how one is the inspiration to create a near identical replica out of the other.

End of October 2020: The author of this blog and model railroad hobbyist decided he needs railcars that are Iowa based and influenced. He was born, raised and currenlty resides in the state of Iowa.

Early November of 2020: Because his model railroad is advertising based the blog author looks on eBay for railcars that are Iowa based and influenced. He filters by the "Buy it Now" option and starts adding the railcars to his eBay "Watchlist".

Mid-November 2020: After adding a few HO scale railcars to his "Watchlist" on eBay he comes across a Kohrs Meat Packing Company reefer kit, made by Red Ball Ltd. Kohrs Meat Packing Company was in operaton in Davenport, Iowa. He adds the kit to his list. The kit is missing the trucks which would have come with it originally.

He makes an offer to the eBay seller for a reduced price. The seller agrees to the offer and the transaciton is completed.

November 19, 2020: The Red Ball Kohrs Meat Packing Company model railcar kit arrives. The blog author opens the package and to his pleasent surprise discovers the railcar is a vintage wood body model.

He had heard of wood body kits before, but had never seen one, now he owns one. He goes through the contents of the kit and further discovers the Red Ball kit has very details parts and components. The doors, latches, hinges, roof hatches are made of a type of metal similar to pewter called type setters metal. The brake cylinder is metal along with other very detailed parts included in this kit. Th emost interesting thing is the side panels are printed on laminated card stock type material.

End of November, 2020: The blog author conducts further research into this kit and Red Ball Ltd the company that produced it. The kit was produced between 1945 and 1975.

Even though he is a skilled hobbyist and model builder, the more he researched it the more he came to the conclusion he was not going to build the Red Ball reefer kit. But he still needed a railcar that represented or mimiced one from Davenport, Iowa, whether past or present. He looked on eBay and none were available for purchase.

The blog author decided to replicate the HO scale Red Ball Ltd Kohrs Meat Packing Company 40's reefer. He did this with a plastic body HO scale model of a Bachmann 40' reefer.

The instructions for the Red Ball kit states to paint the wood body, the bottom frame, the grab irons and the ladders flat box car red. He found out what box car red looks like and looked on eBay for a plastic body HO scale 40' ice bunker reefer that is the flat box car red or very close to it. He found one. It is a HO scale Bachmann 40' reefer that is a replica of the blue Gerber Baby Food reefer. The roof and end panels are box car red. The side panels were blue and white and the bottom frame is black.

He purchased the Gerber Baby Food reefer from the eBay seller. He also purchased a bottle of flat box car red model paint from his local hobby shop.

While he waited for the arrival of the Gerber Baby Food reefer he needed to figure out a way to replicate the side panels from th Red Ball kit. He took the original panels to a local print shop and they were able to print them on adhesive media.

December 2, 2020: The HO scale Gerber Baby Food 40' ice bunker reefer arrived.

December 3 - 5, 2020: The blog author worked on modifying and kit bashing the Bachmann Gerber Baby Food reefer into a HO scale Kohrs Meat Packing Company reefer.

One of the thigns he had to do is decide which Gerber Baby Food reefer to use. He already had purchased one which is being used as part of his fleet of reefers on his Advertising Express Railroad layout. The railcar he had for a while and was using is similar in color to the other Bachmann reefer he just purchased. He wanted the best color match possible for flat the box car red. Once he settled on the newer purchase he got to work covering the existing sides with flat white primer.

He also had to modify and re-adhere the metal weight plate to the plastic frame so Kadee couplers could be installed.

While the primer dried and the JB Weld cured the blog author started modifying the adhesive side panels to be used on the reefer.

The moulded grab irons and ladders on each die had to be painted flat box car red.

Once the paint had dried the adhesive side panels were added to each side of the reefer.

The now, "new" replica of the HO scale Kohrs Meat Packing Copmany 40' ice bunker reefer was reassembled, the coupler height was checked with the heigh gauges and it was added to the fleet of rolling stock on the Advertising Express Railroad layout.

The Red Ball Ltd reefer kit will likely be kept in the blog author's private collection.

Bibliography:

Blog author's personal eBay account, purchase history, Novemberand December 2020

Author unknown, "Burlington Billboard Reefers", Burlington Bulletin, No. 28, November 1993, pp 52 - 53

Related articles:

Kohrs Meat Packing Company, 40' Reefer Railcars, A Brief History

Red Ball Ltd, A Brief History

Bachmann Trains, A Brief History

This is the third of four articles about the history of Kohrs Meat Packing Company, Red Ball Ltd HO scale model railroad kits, Bachmann Trains and a replica of a Kohrs Meat Packing Company reefer inspired from a Red Ball kit.

Bachmann has been in business for over 133 years. Starting out as a hair accessory manufacturer they became one of the first model train companies to use styrene for their model products.

1833: Founded by Henry Carlisle, the Philadelphia based company originally fashioned horn, ivory, and tortoise shell into Spanish combs for the Southern aristocracy.

Post Civil War, 1865: The company manufactured other hair ornaments and umbrella handles.

1899: The company merged with a competing company operated by Henry G. Bachmann and his son, Walter J. Bachmann.

1912: Adapting to changing times the company began using a new synthetic material called celluloid to manufacture eyeglass frames.

1914: Henry G. Bachmann passed away. The company changed its name to Bachmann Brothers.

1929: Bachmann Brothers moved to more spacious headquarters at 1400 East Erie Avenue, Philadelphia, PA. The company continued to specialize in injection molding and was the first American company to manufacture prescription sunglasses.

1941 - 1945: During World War II Bachmann Brothers manufactured products to support the war effort including sunglasses for U.S. Army and U.S. Army Air Force personnel along with protective eye devices and submarine battery caps. The growing company came under the control of J.C. and B.H. Crowther, nephews of the Bachmanns.

Post WWII: The Bachmann product line included Birds of the World Model kits, shooting glasses, and ski goggles. Its popular Solarex® sunglasses were worn worldwide. The company used its expertise in injection molded plastic to enter the model train field with Plasticville® U.S.A.

The growing company came under the control of J.C. and B.H. Crowther, nephews of the Bachmanns.

1948: Kader Industries, Ltd was founded in Hong Kong, and was established to produce models and toys for export.

1960's and 1970's: Bachmann continued to diversify. The product line included: lot cars, toy airplanes, plastic animal sets, robots, and cassette cases. As model railroading became more popular Bachmann supplied everything from trains to scenery to whole villages. They eventually turned to Kader Industrial, Ltd for manufacturing support.

1969: Kader started producing model trains for Bachmann. The two companies worked hand in hand to create quality model railroading products for hobbyist's.

1981: Kader acquired Bachmann from the Crowthers and renamed it Bachmann Industries. Kader has grown to become one of the world's largest manufacturers of model railroad products.

1988: Bachmann introduced its premium Spectrum® line, emphasizing highly detailed, faithfully reproduced locomotives and train sets. The company also created the Big Haulers™ line in Large Scale.

2002: Bachmann was delighted to become the distributor of Thomas & Friends™ in the United States. They now deliver these beloved locomotives, train sets, and accessories to aspiring engineers in both HO and Large Scale.

2007: Bachmann acquired Williams Electric Trains. Now known as Williams™ by Bachmann to expand its offering of O gauge three-rail trains. We are the only model train company to offer HO, N, On30, O, and G scale lines.

Bibliography:

Bachmann Trains, About Us, History of Bachmann Industries, https://www.bachmanntrains.com/home-usa/history.php

Related Articles:

Kohrs Meat Packing Company, 40' Reefer Railcars, A Brief History

Red Ball Ltd, A Brief History

HO Scale Model Railroad Railcars, Inspired Replica of a Kohrs Meat Packing Company Reefer

Thursday, December 10, 2020

Red Ball Ltd, A Brief History

This is the second of four articles about the history of Kohrs Meat Packing Company, Red Ball Ltd HO scale model railroad kits, Bachmann Trains and a replica of a Kohrs Meat Packing Company reefer inspired from a Red Ball kit.

Many HO scale model railroad manufacturers created and offered scale model kits for hobbyists. Red Ball Ltd was one company that did so and offered a lot of detail in their kits.

1930's: Hobby companies were successfully issueing railcar or rolling stock kits with printed cardboard sides. This was idela for hobbyists who did not have the time, inclination or skills to scratch build their own.

1939: M. Dale Newton launched Red Ball Ltd in Los Angelas, CA. The company called M. Dale Newton Company listed Red Ball HO Trains as the brand name of the kits he manufactured.

1941: The Red Ball catalog confirms the production of numerous train kits, custom decals, mailing envelopes, letterhead stationary and calling cards for model builders. There was a diverse line of products with super details in three short years of production.

While Newton did not invent HO scale he was among a group of pioneering manufacturers who brought great detail to the model kits offered at the time. Red Ball's kits included: cast metal roof ribs, brake platform, doors, ends, roof end platforms, icing hatches and brake cylinders as required, accurately detailed three-plank roof walks and scribed floors. The doors in all box car kits have guides at the top and bottom to fit Red Ball's No. FTB15 door track. All rivets, braces and bolts are embossed into the side so the external detail on car sides was complete. The kits were so detailed there was nothing to build up or paste on after the sides are on. The castings and details were among thebest in the industry.

Red Ball also offered highly details structure kits.

July 1941 - 1945: It is unknown of exactly when, but sometime during World War II M. Dale Newton moved the manufacturing of Red Ball to Medford, OR. It is also unknown if Red Ball engage in defense production during the war. The manufacturing of HO scale kits was certainly affected due to th ematerials necessary for the war effort. After WWII Red Ball was ready to turn out high quality HO scale kits.

Mid 1940's - 1954: This was a boom time for HO and O scale kits. Hobbyists were demanding kits with better details. Red Ball responded to this demand and expanded quickly. Newton advertised in a 1954 edition of Model Railroader that if you sent him a clear photograph and information about any older box car or reefer with eye catching lettering and detail he would produce a kit of it.

As a result there were many kits to choose from with improved details that set high standards. Two people that helped contribute to the high standards and improved details during the post ware years were John Anderson, founder of Cal Scale, milled hundreds of the crisply detailed metal molds for Red Ball and Bill Pirie, of Albany, Oregon drew car sides for Red Ball. Bill and also worked for Southern Pacific and was a model railroader himself, so most of his designs were genuine prototypes but he invented others such as ‘Elwood’s Root Beer.’

1955: M. Dale Newton sold Red Ball to Howell Day of Dunellen, New Jersey. Day briefly moved the business to Elkhart, Indiana, but returned to Medford very shortly. He was an avid model railroader. an early model rail shop proprietor in Dunellen/Piscataway, NJ. He opened the famous”Model Railroad Shop” in 1933, and also advertised in the first issue of “Model Railroader” in 1954. He manufactured O scale kits under the “H Owen” brand and had introduced an HO PRR K4 kit prior to World War Two.

1955 - 1975: Howell Day continued of the Red Ball printed side car kits. Day continued the expansion of the Red Ball line to include dozens of unique prototype kits, well over 200 billboard refrigerator cars and over a hundred wood-style boxcars. He was an early importer of Japanese brass models that were also marketed under the Red Ball brand.

In 1956 he sold the very first HO styrene car kits, Kurtz Kraft’s PS1 boxcars and steel reefers, under the Red Ball brand for a period of time. By this time, the huge boom in plastic model aircraft was underway and had become clear that plastic was the wave of the future. ‘Ready to Run’ trains sets and cars were just around the corner, and the age of the craftsman railroad kit was ending. Although many manufacturers faded away, Red Ball continued.

1975: Howell Day retired. The Red Ball parts and kit line was aquired by Wabash Valley Lines, Inc. which is operated by Merle Rice’s Model Railroad Warehouse, MRRW. Rice managed Red Ball production and kit/tooling design for Wabash Valley since that time. Wabash Valley, a well known name to craftsman and collectors, produced the car sides on scribed wood by silk screening and pad printing.

Merle Rice added dozens of additional prototype specific kits and engineered the use of most Red Ball molds to produce injection molded styrene parts and kits. In this new “Age of Plastic”, MRRW differentiated the original wood and metal Red Ball line by using the name “Cannonball Car Shop” for the styrene kits.

December 7, 1989: M. Dale Newton passed away in Medrofd, OR.

December 19, 2005: Howell Day passed away in Florida.

2009: Red Ball turned 70 years old.

Over the last 70 years M. Dale Newton, Howell Day and Merle Rice continually added kits to the line. This resulted in Red Ball line has had well over a thousand different prototype cars issued, not just different paint schemes. Unlike some manufacturers that simply used a template, Red Ball issued different sides, trucks and detail parts each time they were required. This was unique in that very few printed side panels were identical in size, doors or ends. Red Ball has featured about 300 unique prototypes, each requiring their own crisply die cast metal parts. This has made these kits desirable to builders and collectors to this day.

2010 to Present Day: Production of Red Ball has been transfered to Rick Steele of LaBelle Wodworking Company in Cheyenne, WY. LaBelle is well equipped to continue the legacy of the Red Ball HO scale model kit line.

Bibliography:

Alan Bussie, "Red Ball Ltd – Pioneer HO Kit Manufacturer Since 1939", last modified October 11, 2010, https://www.oldmodelkits.com/blog/plastic-model-kit-history/red-ball-ltd-pioneer-ho-kit-manufacture-since-1939/

Related articles:

Kohrs Meat Packing Company, 40' Reefer Railcars, A Brief History

Bachmann Trains, A Brief History

HO Scale Model Railroad Railcars, Inspired Replica of a Kohrs Meat Packing Company Reefer

Monday, December 7, 2020

Kohrs Meat Packing Company, 40' Reefer Railcars, A Brief History

This is the first of four articles about the history of Kohrs Meat Packing Company, Red Ball Ltd HO scale model railroad kits, Bachmann Trains and a replica of a Kohrs Meat Packing Company reefer inspired from a Red Ball kit.

1872: Kohrs Packing Company began operation as a small butcher shop in Davenport, Iowa.

1920's/1930's: Kohrs processed hogs for Oscar Mayer.

Early 1930's: Kohrs leased 40' ice bunker refrigerator railcars, or reefers, from a company called National. They also leased 15 reefers from Standard Refrigerator Car Company of Indianapolis, numbered KOHX 1000 to KOHX 1014.

April of 1932: Ten National reefer railcars in the NX 2300 series were renumbered KOHX 2601 - KOHX 2610.

1935: The 15 reefers numbered KOHX 1000 to KOHX 1014 were still in service for Kohrs and owned by Harbor Tank Line of Chicago Heights, Illinois.

These reefers were given flashy billboard paint schemes. They had retained yellow sides and were given 3 foot tall black "KOHRS" letters in the company's squared Roman style font filling 13 1/2 feet of space to the left of the doors. The words: "DAVENPORT IOWA", reporting marks and car number were in the same style of Roman lettering but were only 12" tall. To the right of the doors were the 5' 9" diameter circular Kohrs Crown Meat emblem. The emblem featured a red outer ring bordered in green, the "KOHRS" name was in white letters bordered in black in the upper half and the much smaller full company name in black bordered white letters in the lower half. The inner circle of the emblem was white with the word "CROWN" in blue outlined white letters at the top, at the bottom was the word "MEAT" in green letters on a green bordered yellow banner in the middle. The crown was in between the two words and was colored black and yellow, topped by a green and yellow Maltese cross resting on a red cushion with yellow and green piping and tassles.

July 1938: The American Association of Railroads, or AAR, banned billboard railcars. Existing advertisment billboard railcars were repainted to a much more somber scheme that met the new standards. The Kohrs reefers were repainted with the yellow sides, no crown emblem and with black letters no larger than 9" tall. This was the end of the big, flashly colors and paint schemes on railcars.